Video Presentation -Overweight/obesity increases ventilatory capacity and reduces FeNO in asthmatic children
Title: Overweight/obesity
increases ventilatory capacity and reduces FeNO in asthmatic children
By Dr. Maria Michelle Papamichael
Statement of Problem:
Universally, bronchial asthma is the most common chronic respiratory disorder
in children characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness
and recurrent episodes of reversible airway obstruction. Excess weight
represents a major global health challenge because of adverse health outcomes including asthma. The concurrent
rise in asthma and pediatric obesity postulate a possible link between the two
conditions. Excess weight may impact asthma via
multiple mechanisms including pulmonary mechanics, lifestyle, dietary,
immunological, hormonal and common genetic factors. High bodyweight was found
to be associated with reduced pulmonary function and Fractional exhaled Nitric Oxide
(FeNO) in adult subjects. Yet the current literature focusing on the effect of
obesity and overweight on lung function and FeNO in asthmatic children remains
controversial. The objective of this
study was to investigate the effect of excess weight on pulmonary function and
exhaled nitric oxide in a sample of 72 Greek asthmatic children (5-12 years
old) participating in a Mediterranean diet and childhood asthma intervention
study.
Methodology: Pulmonary function was assessed using spirometric
measures (FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC, PEF, FEF 25-75%)
and eosinophilic bronchial inflammation by FeNO. Body Mass Index (weight/height2)
was used to measure excess bodyweight and categorized using age- and
sex-specific BMI cut-off values for ages 2-18 years as proposed by the International
Obesity Task Force (normal weight (≧17
and <25 kg/m2), overweight (≧25
and <30 kg/m2), and obese (≧30
kg/m2). Findings: Data
analysis showed a positive linear relationship between BMI and FVC (p=0.01) and
FEV1 (p=0.03). FeNO was lower in the overweight/obese group as
compared to normal weight (p=0.03).
Conclusion & Significance: High BMI in asthmatic children was
associated with increased lung volume (FVC) and airflow (FEV1) along
with reduced FeNO. Future research is needed to establish whether
disproportionate lung growth and non-eosinophilic bronchial inflammation might
be the underlying mechanisms for this paradox.
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